About Different Network Topologies

Network topologies mean the physical layout of the network combined with its logical characteristics. The physical topology or layout refers to the configuration of cables, computers and other peripherals. Topology is the standard term used by the professionals when they refer to the network basic design. While setting up the layout of the network it is necessary to know hat type of equipment the network needs, its capabilities, growth of the network and the way in which network is managed.

There are four basic topologies that are used in the network design. Let us discuss them below.

1. Bus Topology
Bus topology is considered as the “linear bus” because the computers are connected in a straight line. This is the simplest and most common method of network computers. Bus topology has the main run of cable with a terminator at each end and all nodes such as computers are connected to linear cable.

Advantages
Easy to connect and easy to handle and implement.
It is best suited for small networks only.

Disadvantages
The cable length is limited and because of which the stations are limited.
Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main cable.
It becomes difficult to identify the problem if network shuts down.
Not meant to be used as a stand-alone solution in a large building.

2. Ring Topology
This topology connects the computers on a single circle of cable. The signals travel around the loop in one direction and pass through each computer, which can act as a repeater to boost the signal and send it on to the next computer. It has no terminators at the end and thus is very different from the bus topology.

Advantages
Here a central server is not required for its management.
Easier to manage as compared to the bus.
Provides good communication over long distances.
It handles very high volume of traffic.
It is very reliable.

Disadvantages
The failure of a single node of the network can cause the entire network to break down.
The changes made to network nodes affect the performance of the entire network.

3. Mesh Topology
His topology offers best redundancy and reliability. Here each computer is connected to every other computer by separate cabling.

Advantages
The arrangement of the network nodes is such that it is possible to transmit data from one node to many other nodes at the same time.
You get the redundant paths so that if one cable fails another cable will take over the traffic.

Disadvantages
It is very expensive to install as there are lots of wires used in it.

4. Star topology
In this topology the cable segments from each computer are connected to a centralized component called a hub. Here the signals are transmitted from the distributing computer through the hub to all other computers on the network. The hub only manages and controls all the functions of the network.

Advantages
Easy to install and wire.
No disruptions to the network then connecting or removing devices.
Easy to detect faults and to remove parts.

Disadvantages
It requires more cabling than linear bus topology.
If the hub fails, nodes get disabled.
It is more expensive than linear bus topology.
Thus these are the various network topologies used in the organizations depending on the cost, length of the cable required, types of cable and future growth of the network.